I/O Statements

6 | I/O Statements

6.0 | Contents :

     1.   Formatted Input : scanf()
     2.   Formatted Output : printf()
     3.   Examlpes of C Programs

6.1 | Formatted Input : scanf()

     The function scanf() is used to take values from user. This funtion takes codeious types of values like characters, strings and digits etc.

The general format is :
          scanf("string's format / format specifier", argument lists);

The following table shows which format specifier is used with which data-type :

Format Specifier	Data-type	Meaning
%c	char	Read a single character
%d or %i	int	Read a decimal integer
%x	short, unsigned short, int, unsigned int, long	Read a hexadecimal integer
%o		Read an octal integer
%u	unsigned int and unsigned long	Read an unsigned integer
%f OR %g	float	Read a floating point value
%e	double	Read a floating point value (even in exponential format)

Example :
     scanf(" %c%d",&m,&n);

Here, the format specifiers %c and %d says that m is a chracter value and n is an integer value respectively.

6.2 | Formatted Output : printf()

     The function printf() is used to display statements or values or results etc. in program's output.

The general format is :
          printf("control string", argument lists);

Here, control string is consist of any texts to be displayed, format specifiers and special characters.

Example 1 :
     printf("Hello World !");

Here, Hello World ! to be displayed on the screen i.e. Hello World ! is the output.

Example 2 :
     printf("The value is %d",m);
       (let, variable m is of integer data-type and m=5)

Here, format specifier %d is used, because variable m is an integer. And, The value is 5 to be displayed on the screen i.e. The value is 5 is the output.

6.3 | Examlpes of C Programs :

Example 1 : Display Hello World ! on screen

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
  {
    clrscr();
    printf("Hello World !");
    getch();
  }

Example 2 : Display Hello World ! on screen

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
  {
    clrscr();
    printf("Hello World !");
    getch();
    return 0;
  }

Example 3 : Addition of two integer numbers


#include<stdio.h>

int main()
  {
    int a,b,c;

    clrscr();

    printf("Enter first number :\n");
    scanf("%d",&a);

    printf("Enter second number :\n");
    scanf("%d",&b);

    c=a+b;

    printf("\nAddition is %d",c);

    getch();
    return 0;
  }

Example 4 : Multiplication of two integer numbers

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
  {
    int d,e,f;

    clrscr();

    printf("Enter first and second numbers :\n");
    scanf("%d%d",&d,&e);

    f=d*e;

    printf("\nMultiplication of %d and %d is %d",d,e,f);

    getch();
    return 0;
  }

Example 5 : Display addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and remainder of two integer numbers simultaneously

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
  {
    int x,y,add,sub,mul,mod;
    float div;

    clrscr();

    printf("Enter first number\n");
    scanf("%d",&x);

    printf("Enter second number\n");
    scanf("%d",&y);

    add=x+y;
    sub=x-y;
    mul=x*y;
    div=x/y;
    mod=x%y;

    printf("\nAddition is %d\n",add);
    printf("Subtraction is %d\n",sub);
    printf("Multiplication is %d\n",mul);
    printf("Division is %f\n",div);
    printf("Remainder is %d\n",mod);

    getch();
    return 0;
  }

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Lesson 1 : Introduction to C Language Lesson 2 : Basic Elements of C Language Lesson 3 : Variables Lesson 4 : Structure & Samples of C-Program Lesson 8 : Arrays